ABSTRACT
Background: Alarms about mistreatment in medical education have been raised for almost 30 years. Aim: To describe the frequency of abuse reports among medical students at a university in Chile, investigating their association with age, sex, and educational level. Material and Methods: The Mistreatment by Teachers Questionnaire was applied to 264 first to seventh year medical students (54% males). An exploratory factorial analysis of the instrument was performed, a descriptive analysis was made and its relationship with age, sex and level of training were evaluated. Results: Ninety eight percent of respondents reported having been mistreated at least once. Mistreatment was grouped into three factors with a confidence ranging between α = 0.79 and 0.93, namely demoralization, deregulated demands and physical aggression. The first two were associated with age and level of education. There were no differences by sex. Conclusions: Mistreatment is common in undergraduate medical education, as it has been found in other universities around the world.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Medical , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Perception , Schools, Medical , Social Behavior , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: A central aspect of professional identity is occupational commitment, which has a significant relationship with motivation and positive mental states in healthcare environments. However, it is not clear how occupational commitment is related to teaching practices in universities. Aim: To apply the Occupational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) to university teachers and relate its results with the Teaching Practices Questionnaire. Material and Methods: OCQ and Teaching Practices Questionnaire were answered by 319 university teachers from 13 Chilean regions, who were selected through a non-probabilistic volunteer sampling. Data collection was done after informed consent. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for OCQ. The internal consistency of each factor was calculated with Cronbach's Alpha. Spearman correlations were used to explore the relationship between the two questionnaires. Results: Two factors were identified in OCQ, namely Teacher Commitment and Ethical-Professional Commitment. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.85 for both factors. A moderate direct relationship between teacher commitment, ethical-professional commitment, and the Teaching Practices Questionnaire was found. Conclusions: OCQ showed an adequate internal consistency, and it was directly related with teaching practices. Committed teachers had better teaching practices. This confirms the importance of teachers' values and perceptions on their professional performance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Faculty , Motivation , Teaching , Universities , Surveys and Questionnaires , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: El ostracismo, forma de violencia social, puede afectar psicológica y académicamente a los es tudiantes de carreras de la salud. Empero, no existen herramientas válidas para medirla en población chilena. Objetivo: Evaluar la estructura factorial y confiabilidad de la Escala de Experiencia de Ostracismo para Adolescentes (OES-A, por su sigla en inglés) en estudiantes de carreras de la salud chilenos. Material y método: 322 estudiantes de seis carreras de la salud respondieron la Escala de Experiencia de Ostracismo para Adolescentes y un cuestionario sociodemográfico, previo consentimiento informado. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio del cuestionario y se evaluó su consistencia interna. Resultados: Se identificó dos factores: excluido e ignorado, presentando todos sus ítems cargas significativas en un único factor. Sus confiabilidades fueron altas y la correlación entre factores fue directa. Conclusión: Se aporta evidencia a favor de la validez y confiabilidad de la OES-A para evaluar ostracismo en estudiantes de carreras de la salud de Chile.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Ostracism, a kind of social violence, could affect the psychological and academic performance of Health students. Nonetheless, there is no validated tool to assess this variable in the Chilean population. Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of Ostracism Experiences Scale for Adolescents (OES-A) in health sciences students. Method: 322 students from six different health sciences university programs were chosen by a quote sampling method. After an informed consent was signed, they were surveyed and they answered the OES-A and a sociodemographic questionnaire. An exploratory factorial analysis of OES-A was performed and its internal consistency was assessed. Results: Outcomes are consistent with a factorial structure of two factors: excluded and ignored, with items having significant loadings in one single factor. Reliability was high for both these factors. These factors showed direct and significant correlation. Conclusion: Evidence supports the validity and reliability of OES-A as a tool to assess Ostracism in students of health sciences.